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World War I Victory Medal (United States)
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For other uses, see
Victory Medal
.
World War I Victory Medal
Type
Medal
Awarded for
"service between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, or with either of the following
expeditions
:
American Expeditionary Forces in European Russia
between November 12, 1918, and August 5, 1919.
American Expeditionary Forces Siberia
between November 23, 1918, and April 1, 1920."
Description
A
medal
of
bronze
36 millimeters in diameter. On the
obverse
is a winged
Victory
standing full length and full face. On the reverse is the inscription
The Great War for Civilization
and the
coat of arms for the United States
surmounted by a
fasces
, and on either side the names of the
Allied and Associated Nations
. The medal is suspended by a
ring
from a
silk
moire
ribbon
1 3/8 inches in length and 36 millimeters in width, composed of two
rainbows
placed in
juxtaposition
and having the red in the middle, with a white thread along each edge.
Presented by
Department of War
and
Department of the Navy
Eligibility
Military personnel only
Motto
The Great War for Civilization
Status
Obsolete
Established
1919
; 102 years ago
Service ribbon
and
campaign streamer
Precedence
Next (higher)
Mexican Border Service Medal
Next (lower)
Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
The
World War I Victory Medal
(originally known as the
Victory Medal
) was a
United States
World War I
service medal
designed by
James Earle Fraser
.
[1]
Award of a common
allied
service medal was recommended by an inter-allied committee in March 1919.
[2]
Each allied nation would design a 'Victory Medal' for award to their military personnel, all issues having certain common features, including a winged figure of
victory
on the obverse and the same ribbon.
[3]
The Victory Medal was originally intended to be established by an
act of Congress
. The
bill
authorizing the medal never passed, however, thus leaving the military departments to establish it through
general orders
. The
War Department
published orders in April 1919, and the
Navy
in June of the same year.
[4]
Criteria
[
edit
]
The Victory Medal was awarded to military personnel for service between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, or with either of the following
expeditions
:
American Expeditionary Forces in European Russia
between November 12, 1918, and August 5, 1919.
American Expeditionary Forces Siberia
between November 23, 1918, and April 1, 1920.
[5]
Award statute
[
edit
]
Every
Croix de guerre
awarded carries at least one citation for gallantry or courage to a member of any rank of the French military or of an allied army. Ribbon devices indicate the importance or degree of the soldier's role during the action cited. The lowest degree is represented by a
bronze
star and the highest degree is represented by a bronze palm. The cross is only awarded once and subsequent actions worthy of citations will be limited to additional ribbon devices on the originally received insignia. The number of ribbon devices on a
Croix de guerre
is not limited, some awards, especially to ace fighter pilots, had extremely long ribbons with dozens of stars and palms.
[1]
The Croix de guerre 1914-1918 was attributed to:
French and
allied
soldiers individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry;
[2]
Civilians and militarized personnel individually cited for a wartime act of gallantry;
[2]
Automatically to soldiers and civilians not specifically cited for a Croix de guerre but awarded the Légion d'honneur or Médaille militaire for the highest acts of wartime valour and gazetted in the Official Journal of the French Republic;
[2]
Collectively, to army units, ships or air squadrons;
[2]
To cities and villages, martyrs of war, destroyed, ravaged or bombed by the enemy (2952 towns received the Croix de guerre 1914–1918, in this case, always awarded with palm).
[2]
Soldiers who were/are members of units recognized by a collective unit award of the Croix de guerre may wear the
Fourragère
of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 as long as they remain members of that unit. Soldiers who actively took part as members of units during repeated feats of arms recognized by more than one collective award of the Croix de guerre may continue to wear the fourragère even after leaving the meritorious unit.
[1]
Battle streamers in the colours of the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 are affixed to the colours of recipient units.
FRENCH WAR CROSS
Award description
[
edit
]
The cross was designed by the sculptor
Paul-Albert Bartholomé
. It is 37 mm wide, Florentine bronze
cross pattée
, with two crossed swords pointing up between the arms. The obverse centre medallion bears the relief image of the
French Republic
in the form of the bust of a young woman wearing a
Phrygian cap
surrounded by the circular relief inscription
RÉPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE
(FRENCH REPUBLIC). Not knowing how long the war would last, the reverse centre medallion bears the dates 1914–1915, 1914–1916, 1914–1917 and finally 1914–1918.
[1]
The cross is suspended by a ring through a suspension loop cast atop the upper cross arm. It hangs from a 37 mm wide green silk
moiré
ribbon with seven narrow 1,5 mm wide vertical red stripes evenly spaced and two 1 mm red edge stripes.
[2]
Reverse of the four variants of the World War I Croix de Guerre
Allied recipient units (partial list)
5th Field Artillery Regiment
United States
[1]
2nd Infantry Division
United States
[1]
3rd Infantry Division
United States
[1]
4th Infantry Division
United States
[1]
26th Infantry Division
United States
[1]
32nd Infantry Division
United States
[1]
119th Field Artillery Regiment
United States
[1]
93rd Infantry Division
United States
[1]
39th Infantry Regiment
United States
[1]
104th Infantry Regiment
United States
[1]
369th Infantry Regiment
United States
[1]
370th Infantry Regiment
United States
[1]
5th Marine Regiment
United States
[1]
6th Marine Regiment
United States
[1]